My research examines how our gendered experiences shape our sexual lives, particularly in regards to pleasure & orgasm.
My main lines of research focus on:
the role of partner gender in shaping sexual scripts
the pursuit of women's orgasm as a goal
the inclusion of pleasure in sex education
I currently work as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Center of Sexual Health Promotion at the Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington, advised by Dr. Debra Herbenick.
I am an alumna of the Close Relationships, Identity, & Stigma (CRIS) Lab at Rutgers University, advised by Dr. Diana Sanchez.
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Wetzel, G. M., Wolfer, C., Carmichael, C. L., & Sanchez, D. T. (2025). An experimental investigation of sexual scripts by partner gender: Anticipated clitoral stimulation and partner orgasm pursuit shape women’s orgasm expectations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 54, 2167-2184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03169-4
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2024). Using biological explanations for the orgasm gap to investigate the disproportionate essentialization of gender disparities in the sexuality domain. Social Cognition, 42(6), 355-383. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2024.42.6.471
Read the full article here.
Dickman, K.*, Wetzel, G. M., & Sanchez, D. T. (2024). The role of partner gender: How expectations for clitoral stimulation and orgasm shape orgasm goal pursuit for heterosexual, lesbian, and bisexual women. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 16(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241235235
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M., Cultice, R. A., Cipollina, R., & Sanchez, D. T. (2024). Masculinity and condom use: Using a rejection sensitivity framework to understand women’s condom negotiation in mixed-gender sexual encounters. Sex Roles, 90, 458-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01452-7
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M., Sanchez, D. T., Gesselman, A. N., Adams, O. R., Campbell, J. T., & Garcia, J. R. (2024). Exploring the orgasm gap across racial/ethnic groups: A descriptive analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, 62(5), 683-692. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2024.2308044
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2024). “What’s something you’ve heard about sex, but are unsure if it’s true?”: Assessing middle and high school students’ sex education questions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 74(2), 327-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.028
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Cole, S. (2024). Feasibility cues during a sexual encounter impact the strength of heterosexual women’s orgasm goal pursuit. The Journal of Sex Research, 61(2), 196-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2023.2168599
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2022). Heterosexual young adults’ experience with and perceptions of the orgasm gap: A mixed methods approach. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 46(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221076410
Read the full article here.
Wetzel, G. M., Cultice, R. A., & Sanchez, D. T. (2022). Orgasm frequency predicts desire and expectation for orgasm: Assessing the orgasm gap within mixed-sex couples. Sex Roles, 86, 456-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01280-7
Read the full article here.
*Denotes undergraduate mentee
Wetzel, G. M., Svensson, H., Cole, S., & Sanchez, D. T. (invited revision). Devaluing women’s orgasm: An experimental investigation of whether, when, and to what effect women and men reduce the importance of women’s orgasm.
Conley, T. D., Wetzel, G. M., Piemonte, J. L., & Cultice, R. (invited revision). Bisexual people’s experiences with female and male partners provide a natural experiment to ascertain whether sexuality gender differences are attributable to person vs. partner.
Foy, E. C., Wetzel, G. M., Maimon, M., & Sanchez, D. T. (in prep). Examining the impact of bisexual identity denial from the queer community on bisexual+ individuals’ LGBT+ connectedness and community engagement.
Wetzel, G. M., Becker, H.*, & Sanchez, D. T. (in prep). Past school-based sex education experience and its implication for sexual outcomes in young adulthood.
Wolfer, C., Wetzel, G., Segarra-Valle, N., Carmichael, C. L. (in prep). “Don’t stop”: A mixed-methods analysis of interdependent orgasm communication, pursuit, and frequency.
*Denotes undergraduate mentee
Louis Bevier Dissertation Fellowship, Rutgers University, 2025 (Declined)
Graduate Student Research Grant, Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS), 2024
Grants-in-Aid, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI), 2024
Graduate Research Fellowship, National Science Foundation (NSF), 2022
Clara Mayo Grant, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI), 2022
Wetzel, G. M., & Sanchez, D. T. (forthcoming 2025, November). Is the orgasm gap a knowledge gap? Investigating mixed-sex couples' ability to adapt their sexual scripts to facilitate women's orgasm. Oral presentation for the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS), Philadelphia, PA.
Wetzel, G. M., Svensson, H., Cole, S., & Sanchez, D. T. (2025, June). Devaluing women’s orgasm: An experimental investigation of whether, when, and to what effect women reduce their orgasm value. Oral presentation for the annual meeting of the International Academy of Sex Research (IASR), Portland, ME.
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2025, February). What's something you've heard about sex? A qualitative assessment of middle and high school students' sex education questions. Data blitz presented at the Sexuality Pre-Conference for the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Denver, CO.
Wetzel, G. M., Dickman, K.*, Cole, S., & Sanchez, D. T. (2024, November). Exploring women’s orgasm goal pursuit across contexts: How orgasm expectations shape pursuit. Symposium talk presented for the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS), San Diego, CA.
Wetzel, G. M., & Sanchez, D. T. (2024, March). Assessing middle and high school students’ sex education questions. Single paper presentation presented for the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association (EPA), Philadelphia, PA.
Wetzel, G. M., Dickman, K.*, & Sanchez, D. T. (2024, February). The role of partner gender: How sexual expectations shape orgasm pursuit for heterosexual, lesbian, and bisexual women. Single presenter talk presented at the Sexuality Pre-Conference for the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Diego, CA.
Becker, H.*, Wetzel, G. M., & Sanchez, D. T. (2024, February). Women’s sex education experiences and their implications for sexual outcomes in young adulthood. Undergraduate research spotlight presented virtually at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Diego, CA.
Wetzel, G. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Cole, S. (2023, February). Is orgasm worth pursuing? The role of feasibility cues in shaping heterosexual women’s motivation to pursue orgasm. Data blitz presented at the Sexuality Pre-Conference for the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Atlanta, GA.
Dickman, K.*, Wetzel, G. M., & Sanchez, D. T. (2023, February). Using expectancy-value theory to predict the strength of orgasm goal pursuit for heterosexual and lesbian women. Undergraduate research spotlight presented virtually at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Atlanta, GA.
Pauwels, H.*, Wetzel, G. M., & Sanchez, D. T. (2023, February). Women’s orgasms as a masculinity achievement for men: The role of vaginal penetration versus clitoral stimulation. Undergraduate research spotlight presented virtually at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Atlanta, GA.
Wetzel, G. M., Cultice, R. A., & Sanchez, D. T. (2021, November). Women’s orgasm frequency predicts women’s desire and expectation for orgasm: Assessing the “orgasm gap” within dyadic mixed-sex couples. Oral presentation given at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS).
Wetzel, G. M., Cultice, R. A., & Sanchez, D. T. (2021, February). Stress, loneliness, and COVID threat severity as predictors of sexual well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data blitz presented virtually at the Sexuality Pre-Conference for the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).
*Denotes undergraduate mentee
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2025, February). Using biological explanations for the orgasm gap to investigate the disproportionate essentialization of gender disparities in the sexuality domain. Poster presented in-person at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Denver, CO.
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2024, February). “What’s something you’ve heard about sex, but are unsure if it’s true?”: Assessing middle and high school students’ sex education questions. Poster presented in-person at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), San Diego, CA.
Wetzel, G. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Cole, S. (2023, February). Goal pursuit and women’s orgasm: The role of feasibility cues in shaping women’s motivation to pursue orgasm. Poster presented in-person at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), Atlanta, GA.
Wetzel, G. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Cole, S. (2022, November). Feasibility cues during a sexual encounter impact the strength of women’s orgasm goal pursuit. Poster presented virtually at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS).
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2022, February). Can the orgasm gap be fixed? The relationship between sexism, sexuality lay beliefs, and attitudes towards the orgasm gap.Poster accepted for the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).
Wetzel, G. M. & Sanchez, D. T. (2021, August). College students’ experience with and perceptions of the “orgasm gap” in new and familiar contexts. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA).
Wetzel, G. M. (2019, March). I’d like to thank the academy – for racial bias?: Racial bias in the judgment of rap music. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association (EPA).
Wetzel, G. M. (2018, September). I’d like to thank the academy – for racial bias?: Racial bias in the judgment of music. Poster presented at the meeting of the New York Six Liberal Arts Consortium (NY6).
Presenting research at the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS) annual conference in San Juan, Puerto Rico.